《生命科学》 2014, 26(11): 1187-1193

组蛋白翻译后修饰与DNA损伤响应蛋白招募的调控

刘　玲1，周平坤1，2*

(1 南华大学公共卫生学院环境医学与放射卫生研究所，衡阳 421001；2 军事医学科学院放射与辐射医学研究所，北京 100850)

摘　要：摘　要：组蛋白翻译后修饰是细胞DNA 损伤早期应答反应的重要内涵，一方面是松弛、开放染色质结构的必要分子调节事件，以便DNA 损伤响应蛋白能接近DNA 损伤位点；另一方面直接参与DNA 损伤修复蛋白招募过程的调控。综述了在DNA 损伤信号激发下，发生的组蛋白主要修饰类型，异组蛋白H2AX、H2A.Z 在DNA 损伤部位与组蛋白置换，及其对DNA 损伤响应蛋白招募的调节作用和机制。

Post-translational modification of histones and its role on the recruitments of DNA damage response proteins

LIU Ling1， ZHOU Ping-Kun1，2*

(1 Institute for Environmental Medicine and Radiation Hygiene， the College of Public Health， University of South China， Hengyang 421000， China; 2 Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology， Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine，
    Beijing 100850， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Post-translational modification of histones is a critical mechanistic aspect of the early molecular response of cells to DNA damage， which is obligated for loosening the highly compacted chromatins and the access of DNA damage response (DDR) proteins to DNA damage. On the other hand， some modifications of histone proteins directly mediate the processing and regulation of DNA damage signaling and the recruitment of DDR proteins. Here， we overview and discuss the major types of histone modifications triggered by DNA damage signals，the exchanges of histone variants H2AX and H2A.Z with histone proteins in response to DNA damage， and the roles and related mechanisms of histone modifications in the recruitments of DDR proteins onto the DNA damage sites.