利用嗜神经病毒跨突触追踪神经网络研究进展
张志建1,2,3#,靳 森1,4#,朱续涛1,4,贾 凡1,王华东1,刘 青1,何晓斌1,徐富强1,2,3,4*
(1 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所,波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室,生物磁共振分析重点实验室,武汉 430071;2 华中科技大学生命科学与技术学院,武汉 430071;3 武汉光电国家实验室,武汉 430074;4 中国科学院大学,北京 100049)

摘 要:解析大脑神经网络的连接图谱是认识大脑功能的前提。发展追踪大脑神经环路结构的技术,已成为神经科学研究中的迫切需求。基于嗜神经病毒发展而来的跨突触追踪技术,是揭示大脑神经网络结构的最有效手段,也是神经科学研究中发展十分迅速的领域。不同的嗜神经病毒类型或毒株,都有其独特的分子生物学特性、跨突触标记特性、改造方式。通过使用遗传重组改造的嗜神经病毒追踪神经环路,可以获得特定区域或特定类型神经元多级输出网络、输入网络及单级输入或输出网络。主要介绍神经科学研究中常用的神经病毒及相关的辅助工具病毒特性,及嗜神经病毒介导的各种神经回路标记技术。

Advancement in neurotropic virus-mediated trans-synaptic neural circuit tracing
ZHANG Zhi-Jian1,2,3#, JIN Sen1,4#, ZHU Xu-Tao1,4, JIA Fan1, WANG Hua-Dong1, LIU Qing1, HE Xiao-Bin1, XU Fu-Qiang1,2,3,4*
(1 Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; 2 College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 43007, China; 3 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430074, China; 4 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Abstract: Developing the technology to dissect the brain circuits became urgent in neuroscience to understand the brain functions. The technology for neurotropic virus-mediated trans-synaptic tracing has developed rapidly and becomes the most effective technology for revealing the structure of the brain circuit to date. Various neurotropic viruses have its own molecular features, trans-synaptic characteristic and strategy of recombination. The genetic recombinants of the neurotropic viruses enable us to dissect the input and output circuits of specific brain region or cell type of the neurons at multiple or single step of synaptic connections. This review summarizes the fundamental characteristic of these neurotropic viruses and related helper viral vectors, as well as the recent advancement in studies of neural circuits using these neurotropic viruses.

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