《生命科学》 2014, 26(6): 583-592

突触可塑性与脑疾病的神经发育基础

陈伟恒^1，2，陶长路^1，3，时美玉^1，2，张继川⁴，徐　程^1，3，刘北明^1，2，毕国强^1，2，3*

(1 中国科学技术大学生命科学学院，合肥 230027；2 中科院脑功能与脑疾病重点实验室，合肥 230027；3 合肥微尺度物质科学国家实验室集成影像中心，合肥 230027；4 昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院，昆明 650500)

摘　要：大脑神经回路高度有序的神经元活动是高级脑功能的基础，神经元之间的突触联结是神经回路的关键功能节点。神经突触根据神经元活动调整其传递效能的能力，亦即突触可塑性，被认为是神经回路发育和学习与记忆功能的基础。其异常则可能导致如抑郁症和阿尔茨海默病等精神、神经疾病。将介绍这两种疾病与突触可塑性的关系，聚焦于相关分子和细胞机制以及新的研究、治疗手段等进展。

Synaptic plasticity and brain disease

CHEN Wei-Heng^1，2， TAO Chang-Lu^1，3， SHI Mei-Yu^1，2， ZHANG Ji-Chuan⁴， XU Cheng^1，3，LAU Pak-Ming^1，2， BI Guo-Qiang^1，2，3*

(1 School of Life Sciences， University of Science and Technology of China， Hefei 230027， China; 2 CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease， Hefei 230027， China; 3 Center for Integrative Imaging， Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale， Hefei 230027， China; 4 School of Life Sciences and Technology， Kunming University of Science and Technology， Kunming 650500， China)

Abstract: Myriad synapses are functional nodes in brain’s neuronal circuits， within which highly ordered neuronal activity forms the basis of higher brain functions. Synaptic plasticity， the ability of synapses to change their efficacy in response to neuronal activity， is believed to underlie the development of functional brain circuits as well as learning and memory functions. Abnormality in synaptic plasticity could result in psychiatric disorders such as depression and neural degeneration such as Alzheimer’s disease. Here we review recent studies that link synaptic plasticity to the two devastating brain diseases， focusing on underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms， which in turn lead to new therapeutic strategies.