《生命科学》 2014, 26(5): 509-522
摘 要：产油微藻是最具潜力的生物能源油脂资源之一，有关微藻生物能源的技术研究开发近年来受到国内外持续重视。微藻能源生产是一个涉及到从藻种、规模培养技术与装备，到能量转化加工全产业链的复杂过程，其中以解决微藻生物量资源的规模培养是整个产业过程的核心。从微藻的产能潜力分析出发，对微藻的光自养与异养模式以及微藻的开放池和光反应器培养研究进展进行了总结，特别分析了近些年发展起来的微藻序贯式异养—稀释—光诱导和贴壁培养技术等。并对涉及微藻培养的相关技术包括光能利用、水源和二氧化碳源解决，以及污染及其控制研究进展进行了分析。在此基础上，提出微藻规模培养必须以高效抗逆工业性状和高值化学品联产特色藻种的选育， 与装备创新为重点和突破口，并将废气/ 废水等利用与规模培养相结合，从而构建起与环境处理相耦联的微藻能源—高值化学品多联产产业技术体系。
Abstract: Oleaginous microalgae has been taken as one of significant potential feedstocks for biofuel production， more and more attentions have been paid on the R&D in order to promote the industrialization. Among the whole chains of microalgae biofuel production， mass cultivation of microalgae is thought to be the bottleneck. In this article， the theoretical photosynthesis efficiency of microalgae biomass based on solar utilization was calculated which is helpful to clear the dispute on the potential productivity of microalgae. The characteristics of cultivation modes of microalgae in phototrophic， heterotrophic and mixtorphic， and the progresses of mass cultivation in open pond and photobioreactor were summarized. A discussion on the novel sequential heterotrophy-dilutionphotoinduction technology and attached cultivation technology was also made. Related technologies with microalgae mass cultivation including light， CO2， water and the contamination control were analyzed. In order to promote the commercialization of microalgae biofuel，further breakthrough on screening of high oil content microalgae species with environmental robustness， novelty of efficient mass cultivation method and equipment，cultivation associated with the treatment and utilization of waste water and flue gas， and integrated system for energy and valued products production were necessary.
