《生命科学》 2014, 26(4): 377-383

细菌蛋白质乙酰化研究进展

刘诚喜^1，2，涂　顺^1，2，郭书娟^1，2，陶生策^1，2，3*

(1 上海交通大学系统生物医学研究院，上海 200240；2 上海交通大学癌基因及相关基因
    国家重点实验室，上海 200240；3 上海交通大学生物医学工程学院，上海 200240)

摘　要：在真核生物和原核生物中，蛋白质乙酰化行使重要的功能。过去几十年，在细菌中发现了大量的新的乙酰化蛋白。聚焦于蛋白质Nε 的乙酰化。首先介绍蛋白质乙酰化的发现和发展史，其次概述了ACS、CheY 等乙酰化后的功能，乙酰化和泛素化、磷酸化之间的关系。在技术层面，讨论了蛋白质芯片用于发现新的乙酰化酶、去乙酰化酶以及新的乙酰化蛋白的优势和可能性；详细讨论了免疫沉淀富集结合高分辨率质谱和生物信息学分析来高通量发现乙酰化蛋白的有效性，并且提出了改进措施。最后，展望了细菌乙酰化有待研究的关键问题以及与其他酰化之间的关系。

Advance of bacterial protein acetylation study

LIU Cheng-Xi^1，2， TU Shun^1，2， GUO Shu-Juan^1，2， TAO Sheng-Ce^1，2，3*

(1 Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine， Shanghai Jiao Tong University， Shanghai 200240， China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes， Shanghai Jiao Tong University， Shanghai 200240， China; 3 School of Biomedical Engineering， Shanghai Jiao Tong University， Shanghai 200240， China)

Abstract: Protein acetylation plays critical roles in many biological processes both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In the past few years， tremendous of acetylated proteins and acetylation sites have been identified in bacteria. Here， we mainly focus on bacterial Nε-acetylation. First introduce the history of protein acetylation from it was first discovered， and discussed the latest progresses in bacterial protein acetylation. Then discussed the role of acetylation on several important proteins， such as ACS and CheY. We also addressed the advantages and possibility of using protein microarray for the identification of novel acetylated proteins， and the discovery of novel acetyltransferase and deacetyltransferase in bacteria. The crosstalks between protein acetylation and ubiquitination， acetylation and phosphorylation were also discussed. To discover more acetylated protein from bacteria in a high-throughput fashion， currently， the best strategy is the combination of immunoprecipitation enrichment， high-resolution mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis. We discussed the latest advancement of this strategy. Finally， the future trends for bacterial protein acetylation study was discussed.