《生命科学》 2013, 25(11): 1065-1070

口蹄疫病毒与宿主细胞的相互作用研究进展

付　银¹，常惠芸²，刘　静¹，陈慧勇^1*

(1 中南大学生命科学学院分子生物学研究中心，长沙 410078；2 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所，家畜疫病病原生物学国家重点实验室，兰州 730046)

摘　要：摘　要：口蹄疫病毒(FMDV) 导致了偶蹄动物口蹄疫的发生，它是一类有着自身特点的RNA 病毒。首先，FMDV 衣壳蛋白VP1 识别结合宿主细胞膜上的整联蛋白等受体，以内吞的方式进入细胞，利用宿主细胞成分完成病毒蛋白的合成。这些新合成的Lpro、2C 和3Cpro 等病毒致病因子进一步抑制宿主基因的转录和翻译，诱导细胞凋亡和自噬，并抑制干扰素介导的一系列先天性和获得性免疫反应。宿主则在病毒侵染细胞的初期，利用病毒识别受体等来识别病毒并诱导合成干扰素等细胞因子，介导多种免疫反应以清除病毒。病毒和宿主两者在持续的利用和较量中完成疾病的发生和痊愈等。其次，不断发现的病毒受体、结合基序、致病因子及宿主细胞的多种免疫调节因子将成为相关领域新的研究内容。综上，开发高效安全疫苗、增强自身免疫力及利用RNAi 直接抑制病毒RNA 等便成为现代FMDV 防治的主要内容。

Research advance on the interaction between foot-and-mouth disease virus and the host cells    

FU Yin¹， CHANG Hui-Yun²， LIU Jing¹， CHEN Hui-Yong^1*

(1 Molecular Biology Research Center， College of Life Science， Central South University， Changsha 410078， China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology， Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou 730046， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a RNA virus， which causes foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cloven-hoofed animals. FMDV attaches cell integrin receptors through the structural protein VP1， enters into cells via endocytosis and produces viral proteins including Lpro， 2C and 3Cpro. These proteins can inhibit transcription and translation of host genes and block host immune responses. At the beginning of viral infection， the host can identify viruses with pathogen recognition receptors and induces innate and adaptive immune responses to kill FMDV by inducing interferon and IFN-responsive genes. The interface between FMDV and their host is often a tenuous balance， which introduces pathogenesis of FMD. The molecular mechanism of pathogenesis， elucidated with more receptors， viral receptor recognition sites， pathogenic molecules and immune factors will be a new research area. Accordingly， developing more efficacious vaccines， enhancing host immune capacities， and exploring new gene therapeutic approaches of RNAi may become present control strategies of FMDV.