摘 要：
摘 要：自20世纪初，小鼠的遗传学研究从宠物农场进入哈佛大学的实验室只有短短一百年的历史；但是，由于小鼠基因组与人类基因组高度同源、小鼠基因组改造手段非常成熟以及小鼠近交系、突变系和工具小鼠品系种类繁多，小鼠遗传学已成为发育生物学、功能基因组学和疾病机理研究的核心研究领域，小鼠也成为最重要的模式生物之一。近年来，随着小鼠基因组序列测序的完成，不同小鼠近交系品系特异的微卫星标记或单核苷酸多态性不断被发现，小鼠生理生化表型分析手段和数据也越来越完善，这些前期工作导致了目前大规模的基因剔除计划、基因突变计划及构建和分析重组近交系计划的实施。这些计划可能构成未来10~20年中生命科学和医学研究领域的最重要的内容之一。
关键词：小鼠；基因组改造；近交系；表型定位；疾病模型
Abstract:
Abstract: The history of mouse genetics started when mice strains were imported from pet farm to Castle抯 laboratory in Harvard University about one hundred years ago. Mouse genome is highly homologous to human and can be modified by various approaches. Moreover, thousands of inbred strains , mutant strains and 搕ool?strains have been developed. Therefore, mouse has become the key model animal for the research of development biology, functional genomics and disease mechanism. Now the mouse genome project was completed. Millions of microsatellite markers and SNPs among different inbred mouse strains were identified. The assays for the physiology and biochemistry phenotypes are constantly improving, along with the collection of more and more data. These works enable the several programs for large scale genome mutagenesis, gene targeting, as well as constructing and analyzing new recombined inbred strains. These programs may become the most important studies in the biology and medicine research in the coming decades.
Key words: mouse; genome manipulation; inbred strains; phenotype mapping; disease model
