《生命科学》 2013, 25(4): 383-387

昆虫酚氧化酶的研究进展

刘丽萍，奚耕思^*，王　芳，刘晓明

(陕西师范大学生命科学学院，动物生殖与发育实验室，西安 710062)

摘　要：摘　要： 酚氧化酶(phenoloxidase， PO) 又名酪氨酸酶，是一种普遍存在于动物和植物体内的铜离子酶，具有多种生物学功能。酚氧化酶可把单酚羟化成二酚( 如多巴)，接着二酚被氧化成醌，在非酶促反应条件下，醌形成的最终产物是黑色素。生成的黑色素对昆虫的正常生长发育具有重要作用。酚氧化酶一般以无活性的酚氧化酶原(prophenoloxidase， proPO) 形式存在于昆虫的血淋巴中。从昆虫酚氧化酶的结构、分布、活化的分子机制和功能及研究进展等方面进行综述。
关键词：酚氧化酶；酚氧化酶原；黑色素

Research progress of phenoloxidase in insects

LIU Li-Ping， XI Geng-Si^*， WANG Fang， LIU Xiao-Ming

(College of Life Science， Shaanxi Normal University， Xi’an 710062， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Phenoloxidase (PO)， also known as tyrosinase， is a copper-containing enzyme widely distributed in animals and plants， and possesses diverse biological functions. It can catalyse the hydroxylation of monophenols to diphenols (such as dopa)， then the diphenols are oxidized to quinone， which is polymerized non-enzymetically into melanin. The melanin plays very important roles in normal growth and development of insects. PO generally exsits in the hemolymph of insects as an inactive form called prophenoloxidase (proPO). In this paper， we mainly review the structure， distribution， molecular mechanisms of activation， function and research progress of PO in insects.
Key words: phenoloxidase; prophenoloxidase; melanin