摘 要：摘 要：microRNA(miRNA) 在以下三个阶段发挥重要的作用：少突胶质前体细胞(OPC) 命运决定的起始阶段，发育过程中OPC 分化为成熟的少突胶质细胞系(OL) 和形成致密髓鞘的阶段，维持成熟髓鞘的正常功能的各个发育阶段。MiRNA 通过抑制OPC 特异表达的基因，促进分化过程，促进OPC 的增殖，抑制非OLs 特异表达的基因以及抑制在髓鞘形成阶段需要暂时性高表达的基因等四种作用机制，调节中枢神经系统髓鞘的生成和维持其完整性。因此，研究少突胶质细胞发育过程中miRNA 的作用将为脱髓鞘和神经胶质瘤等疾病的治疗提供新的策略和思路。
Abstract: Abstract: Plenty of studies have demonstrated that oligodendrocytes require miRNAs at various stages of development， such as the initial production of fate-specified OPCs， the differentiation of mature OLs， generation of compact CNS myelin during development， and the maintenance of functional myelin sheaths in older animals. Moreover， miRNAs promote the formation and maintenance of healthy CNS myelin by four distinct mechanisms， including the suppression of OPC-expressed genes to promote differentiation， the promotion of OPC expansion， the overall suppression of inappropriate non-OL lineage gene expression in OPCs and OLs， and the suppression of genes transiently required at high levels during myelin sheath formation. Therefore， studying the miRNA expression in the differentiation of oligodendrocyte will provide us new strategies and insights for the treatment of diseases such as demyelination disease and glioma.
