《生命科学》 2013, 25(2): 133-139

PI3K /AKT信号通路在维持血糖平衡中的作用

王　笑，王甄真，陈　雁^*

(中国科学院上海生命科学研究院营养科学研究所，营养与代谢重点实验室，上海 200031)

摘　要：摘　要： 近年来，2 型糖尿病在全球范围发病率迅速增加，并且有发病时间年轻化的趋势。因此，寻求新的预防和治疗方法成为了亟待解决的问题。胰岛素在维持血糖平衡的过程中起到了不可或缺的作用。胰岛素主要是通过PI3K/AKT 信号通路行使其调控血糖的功能。对胰岛素刺激下的PI3K/AKT 信号通路的分子机制进行了详细的阐述，分析了在小鼠模型中基因敲除PI3K/AKT 信号通路中各个分子以及其负调控因子对糖代谢过程产生的影响，讨论了如何将这些理论研究向临床应用进行转化。另外，还对PAQR3 在胰岛素信号通路中的生理功能进行了分析讨论，揭示了一个全新的空间调控胰岛素信号通路的机制。
关键词：2 型糖尿病；胰岛素信号通路；PI3K ；AKT ；PAQR3 ；小鼠模型

The functions of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in glucose homeostasis

WANG Xiao， WANG Zhen-Zhen， CHEN Yan^*

(Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism， Institute for Nutritional Sciences， Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences， Chinese Academy of Sciences， University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Shanghai 200031， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease， which is prevalent in nearly all populations in the world and the onset of diabetes is earlier than before. Thus， new therapeutic approaches to counter the increasing threat of type 2 diabetes are in high demand. Insulin is an indispensable regulator of glucose homeostasis. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is required for insulin-dependent regulation on cellular metabolism. Here we review the mechanisms of signal transduction implicated in PI3K/AKT and their roles in modulating glucose homeostasis including the studies using transgenic and knockout mouse models. We also discuss how to translate the knowledge of basic research into clinical practice. In addition， we discuss our recent discovery about the regulation of insulin signaling and function by PAQR3.
Key words: type 2 diabetes; insulin signaling pathway; PI3K; AKT; PAQR3; mouse models