《生命科学》 2012, 24(12): 1366-1371

体细胞重编程：回顾与进展——2012年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖相关研究成果简介

吴宇轩，李劲松^*

(中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所，细胞生物学国家重点实验室，上海 200031)

摘　要：

摘　要：体细胞重编程是指分化的体细胞通过特定的方法被逆转到多能性或全能性状态的过程。目前为止，体细胞的有效重编程主要可以通过两种方法来获得，那就是核移植以及诱导多能干细胞。体细胞重编程所获得的多能干细胞具有巨大的分化潜力，因此这一研究将为人类健康以及再生医学领域带来巨大的革命。今年的诺贝尔奖颁给了英国的Gurdon 和日本的Yamanaka，以表彰他们两人对体细胞重编程领域的卓越贡献。Gurdon 通过核移植技术最先证明了已分化的体细胞仍然具有重编程为多能干细胞并且进一步发育为完整个体的潜力，同时卵母细胞中便存在有重编程因子；Yamanaka 则创立了诱导多能干细胞系统，通过超表达几个关键因子建立了更加简单有效地将体细胞诱导为多能干细胞的方法。对体细胞重编程的发现以及研究进展进行一个综述，并对其应用以及仍然存在的问题进行一些探讨。

    

关键词：体细胞重编程；诱导多能干细胞；核移植
中图分类号：Q813 文献标识码：A

Somatic reprogramming: Review of progress

WU Yu-Xuan， LI Jin-Song^*

(Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology， Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology，Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Shanghai 200031， China)

Abstract:

Abstract: Intact and differentiated somatic cells could be reprogrammed to become pluripotent stem cells. To date， effective reprogramming of somatic cells could be achieved by nuclear transfer and induced pluripotent stem cells. The study on somatic reprogramming should make great contributions to human healthy and regenerative medicine. The 2012 Nobel Prize for Medicine has been awarded to Drs. Gurdon and Yamanaka for their significant contributions to nuclear reprogramming. Dr. Gurdon demonstrated that differentiated adult stem cells contain all of the genetic information required to generate entire organisms， and that oocytes contain factors to reprogram somatic cell nuclei; Dr. Yamanaka discovered that adult somatic cells can be induced to become pluripotent by overexpression of a few key transcription factors. In this review， we introduce the discovery and research progress of somatic reprogramming and discuss the application of this technology and unresolved issues.

    

Key words: somatic reprogramming; induced pluripotent stem cells; nuclear transfer