《生命科学》 2012, 24(11): 1325-1329
摘 要：摘 要：实验动物是在一定条件下人工饲养繁殖，具有特定的生物学特性，用于科学研究的动物。实验动物是生命科学研究不可缺少的支撑条件，是为人类的健康和发展作出贡献和牺牲的生命体。实验动物科学包括实验动物和动物实验两个方面，是生命科学的重要分支。随着人类社会、经济和文化的发展，动物福利和动物伦理问题已经全面渗透到了实验动物科学乃至生命科学的各个领域之中。在我国，实验动物科学带来的伦理问题主要表现为：缺乏相应的法律法规，对虐杀实验动物的现象缺乏管理，违背实验动物伦理的技术操作现象依然存在，动物保护主义者和实验动物科学工作者之间的矛盾，等等。动物伦理学在中国出现的社会原因是：改革开放后经济的快速发展促使人们的观念转变，与国际的交往促进了东西方文化的交融，同时也是近十几年来教育的结果。近年来，我国实验动物科学领域内关于伦理问题和动物福利的研究进展迅速，实验动物纪念碑的出现和“3R”研究概念的传入是其主要表现。改善实验动物的生活条件，杜绝虐杀实验动物的现象，规范动物实验的技术操作，尽快制定和完善相关的法律法规，是进一步努力的目标；而落实组织措施，成立动物伦理委员会及专家组，加强与国际上的交流，推动“3R”研究的进展，扩大对社会的宣传，支持爱护动物的行为，注重与动物保护组织的理解及沟通等，是为达到这一目标应采取的措施。
关键词：实验动物科学；伦理问题；动物福利
Abstract:
Abstract: Laboratory animal is the animal with artificial feeding in the certain conditions， having the particular biological characteristics for scientific research. They are indispensable props of life science and have made great contributions and sacrifices for human health and development. Laboratory animal science is an important branch of life science， including laboratory animal and animal experiment. Along with development of mankind society， economy and civilization， now the realm of laboratory animal science is confronted with the problems of animal welfare and animal ethics. In our country， the main problems of animal welfare and animal ethics in laboratory animal science lie below: relative rules and laws are absent， while no established restriction or punishment could be found to restrict those actions such as maltreating laboratory animals. Several technical operations going against laboratory animal ethics still exist. The emotional conflicts also exist between zoophilists and animal experimenters. The appearance of animal ethic in China is mainly due to the rapid progress of the national economy and that of the international relationship at the same time， and the education in these years， which promoted communications between cultures from East and West， by the way changed social opinions greatly. Since recent more than ten years， animal ethic research has achieved great development at the laboratory animal science field in our country. The appearance of the laboratory animal monuments and import of the "3R" theory serve as the main indication of the great development that achieved. Such things are our goals: improving living conditions of laboratory animals， forbidding the phenomenon of maltreating laboratory animals to death， standardizing the rules of operation on animal experiments， establishing correlate laws and polices， founding the committee of animal ethics and group of specialists， consolidating international communion， promoting the development of study on “3R”. So it is necessary to spread propaganda， to support the behaviors of animal protecting， to take notice of the understanding and communication with the animal protecting organizations.
Key words: laboratory animal science; ethic problems; animal welfare
