《生命科学》 2012, 24(11): 1225-1231

什么是生命伦理学——从历史发展的视角

胡林英

(北京大学医学人文研究院，北京 100191)

摘　要：

摘　要：生命伦理学是20世纪60年代兴起于美国的一门新兴学科，旨在应对生命科学和生物技术的发展或医疗保健的演变使人类面临的种种伦理难题。生命伦理学的兴起有着特殊的社会历史背景。它在发展过程中出现的一些里程碑式的案例，对生命伦理学的发展产生了深远的影响。从其发展特征上看，生命伦理学和医学伦理学紧密联系，有着更为广泛的研究内容和独特的专业特性。生命伦理学要有效回应现代医学和生命科学的发展给人类带来的伦理难题，既要准确地界定伦理问题，又要以适当的方式将伦理学基础理论应用到具体问题当中。对生命伦理学的基本理论进行概述。
关键词：生命伦理学；历史发展；道德问题；基本理论

What is bioethics: from perspective of historical development

HU Lin-Ying

(Institute for Medical Humanities， Peking University， Beijing 100191， China)

Abstract:

Abstract: Bioethics is an emerging discipline originating in America of the 1960s， aiming to bridge between life science， biomedical technology， health care and ethics. Bioethics originated under particular social historical contexts; Some events or cases which happened as the cornerstone in the history have profound influences on the development of bioethics. With respect to its developmental features， even though bioethics historical linked with medical ethics， it owns broader contents and unique characteristics. In order to answer ethical dilemmas caused by the developments of contemporary medicine and life science， bioethics firstly needs to define ethical issues correctly， then apply fundamental theories of ethics to concrete scenarios in appropriate ways. This paper also makes a briefly introduction of the basic theories of bioethics.
Key words: bioethics; historical development; ethical issue; fundamental theory