《生命科学》 2012, 24(8): 847-857
摘 要:
摘 要:铜离子是生物体不可缺少的微量元素。作位酶的辅助因子,铜离子驱动着包括细胞呼吸、神经递质的传递、铁离子的摄取和抵抗氧化应激在内的重要生理过程。然而,过量时,铜离子是有害的,能损坏像DNA、蛋白质和脂肪这样的生物分子。正因为如此,生物体必须平衡细胞体内铜离子的水平。铜离子稳态平衡相关的遗传缺陷是造成Menke 和Wilson 疾病的原因。铜离子也被发现与癌症和神经退行性疾病有关。对酵母和其他生物体的研究发现,存在铜离子的摄取、分送、储存、排泄和抵抗毒性水平铜离子的专一机制。调控这些专一机制的铜离子信号分子是细胞平衡铜这个必不可少却又有害的离子的关键。
关键词:铜离子;铜离子稳态;铜离子转运蛋白;铜离子伴侣蛋白;去除铜离子毒性
中图分类号:Q581 ;Q26 文献标志码:A
收稿日期:2012-06-29
基金项目:中国国家自然科学基金项目(30970596);美国国家自然科学基金项目(MCB-0542741,MCB-9807786),河南省教育厅项目(82300413201);河南省科技厅项目(082101510005)
*通信作者:Email: zhuzhiwu@zzu.edu.cn; Tel: 0371-67766239
Abstract: Abstract: Cu is an indispensible trace element to biological organisms. By serving as enzyme cofactor, copper powers important physiological processes such as cell respiration, neurotransmission, iron uptake and defense against oxidative stresses. However, when in excess copper is toxic and can cause damages to biological molecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids. Thus, living organisms must balance intracellular copper level. Genetic abnormality in copper homeostasis is the underlying cause for Menke’s and Wilson diseases. Copper has also been
linked to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Discoveries from studies in yeast and other organisms have uncovered specific pathways for copper uptake, distribution, detoxification, storage and export. Copper signaling molecules that control these specific pathways is the key to living organism balancing the essential yet toxic Cu ions.
Key Words: Cu2+; Cu homeostasis; Cu chaperone; Ctr1; Cu detoxification