《生命科学》 2012, 24(9): 1035-1048

生物标志物(Biomarkers)在海洋环境监测中的研究与进展

蔡中华^1*，陈艳萍²，周　进¹，朱小山¹

(1 清华大学深圳研究生院海洋学部，深圳 518055；2 广东省深圳市国家高级技术产业创新中心，深圳 518055)

摘　要：摘　要：污染物的存在给海洋环境和生态健康带来了巨大的压力，如何监测这些污染物并对其毒性进行科学的评价，成为当今环境科学关心的热点问题。生物标志物(Biomarkers)是毒理学研究的重要工具，它能对污染事件进行早期预警，并能在一定程度上评估生态风险。对近十多年来生物标志物的研究与应用进行了回顾，总结了不同水平(分子、细胞、个体、系统)生物标志物的种类、特征、检测方法和应用特点，并对现存挑战和未来发展趋向进行了展望，旨在系统的认识生物标志物，并为其在海洋环境监测中的合理应用提供理论借鉴。
关键词：生物标志物；海洋环境；生态健康；环境监测

Research and progress of biomarkers in marine environmental field

CAI Zhong-Hua^1*， CHEN Yan-Ping²， ZHOU Jin¹， ZHU Xiao-Shan¹

(1 Marine Sciences Division of Ocean Science & Technology， Graduate School at Shenzhen， Tsinghua University， Shenzhen 518055， China; 2 Shenzhen State High-Tech Industrial Innovation Center， Shenzhen 518057， China)

Abstract: Abstract: A large number of pollutants are being released into marine environment， giving a high stress on the marine ecosystem. How to monitor their toxicities and to evaluate their impacts has therefore become a hot issue in marine environmental science. As an important indicator for biological processes， biomarker can be used widely in environmental monitoring， and to some extent， ecological risk assessment. In this paper， we reviewed the progresses and applications of biomarkers in marine environmental monitoring during the past decade. Various types of biomarkers in different levels (molecular， cellular， individual， and ecosystem) as well as their properties and application characteristics were summarized. The existing challenges and the future prospects for the application of biomarkers in marine monitoring are also discussed. The purpose of this review is to understand the biomarkers comprehensively and provide a theoretical reference for their applications in marine environmental protection.
Key words: biomarkers; marine environment; ecological health; environmental monitoring