《生命科学》 2012, 24(5): 475-482
摘 要：摘 要：海藻酸分解菌是一类能够自身合成海藻酸裂解酶，能够降解并同化海藻酸的微生物。海藻酸分解菌是海藻酸裂解酶的重要来源，其产生的海藻酸裂解酶具有种类多、 反应条件温和、酶活高和易于大规模生产等优点，并且在生物、医疗、化工等领域有重要的应用价值。在过去的几十年里，海藻酸分解菌一直作为海藻酸裂解酶生产者的角色被研究和应用。但随着近年来能源危机的加剧，以海藻酸等海藻生物质为原料转化生物能源成为解决能源危机的潜在途径，因此，海藻酸分解菌又有了崭新的研究领域，即海藻酸分解菌利用海藻酸发酵生产生物能源。本文从海藻酸分解菌及其海藻酸裂解酶的种类和特性、海藻酸分解菌的代谢以及海藻酸分解菌基因工程等方面，介绍海藻酸分解菌的研究现状，并展望未来的发展趋势。
关键词：海藻酸分解菌；海藻酸裂解酶；海藻酸代谢；基因工程
Abstract: Abstract: Alginolytic bacterium is a kind of microorganism， which can synthesize alginate lyase as well as degrade and assimilate alginate. Alginolytic bacterium is one of the important sources of alginate lyase， the alginate lyases that produced by alginolytic bacteria have many advantages， such as they have many varieties， mild reaction conditions， high activity and are easy for large-scale production. In addition， it has important application value in biological， pharmaceutical， chemical fields and other fields. In the past few decades， alginolytic bacteria， considered as the producer of alginate lyase， have been always studied and applied. However， with the aggravation of energy crisis in recent years， the biofuel converted from seaweed biomass has become a potential way to solve the energy crisis. Therefore， the research on alginolytic bacteria has been further developed. In this review， we introduced the research status of the types and characteristics of alginolytic bacteria and alginate lyase as well as the metabolism and gene engineering of alginolytic bacteria. Furthermore， we also prospected the future development trends of the research on alginolytic bacteria.
Key words: alginolytic bacteria; alginate lyase; alginate metabolism; genetic engineering
