《生命科学》 2012, 24(5): 415-420
摘 要：摘 要：microRNAs (miRNAs) 是一类转录后调控基因表达的内源性非编码微小RNA。愈来愈多的研究显示， miRNAs 在肿瘤免疫应答中发挥重要调控作用。一方面，miRNAs 通过转录后调控ICAM (intercellular adhesion molecule)、B7 (CD80/86) 和HLA-G(human leucocyte antigen-G) 等肿瘤表面分子的表达，影响肿瘤的免疫原性；另一方面，miRNAs 通过平衡肿瘤局部的细胞因子微环境或调控肿瘤免疫相关细胞的分化、发育及功能发挥，调节机体抗肿瘤免疫应答。为后续深入研究肿瘤与宿主的相互作用机制，以及发展更有效的肿瘤生物治疗手段，就目前miRNAs 在肿瘤免疫中的调控作用的研究进展做一综述。
关键词：microRNAs ；肿瘤免疫；肿瘤免疫原性；肿瘤微环境
Abstract: Abstract: microRNAs are endogenous noncoding small RNAs， which can posttranscriptionally regulate the expressions of their target genes. Accumulated references have shown that miRNAs are ermerging as one of the crucial regulators in the development of immune cells and anti-tumor immune response. On one hand， miRNAs modulate tumor immunogenicity via posttranscriptionally regulating expressions of tumor surface molecules， such as ICAM (intercellular adhesion molecule)， B7 (CD80/86) and HLA-G(human leucocyte antigen-G). On the other hand， miRNAs balance homeostasis of tumor microenvironment and regulate anti-tumor immune response by controlling the level of cytokines in tumor microenvironment， or by influencing the development， differentiation and function of tumor associated immune cells. In order to delineate the interactions between tumors and host immune system， and to develop more efficient tumor biotherapies， a brief review on the regulatory role of miRNAs in tumor immunity is given in this article.
Key words: microRNAs; tumor immunity; tumor immunogenicity; tumor microenvironment
