《生命科学》 2011, 23(9): 921-930

合成病毒：对流感病毒研究的贡献

孙明伟^1，2，路希山^1，3，高　福^{1，2，3，4，5*}

(1 中国科学院微生物研究所，中国科学院病原微生物与免疫学重点实验室，北京 100101；2 中国科学技术大学生命科学学院，合肥 230027；3 中国农业大学动物医学院，北京 100094；4 中国科学院北京生命科学研究院，北京 100101； 5 中国疾病预防控制中心，北京 102206)

摘　要：摘　要：流感病毒是一种单股负链分节段RNA病毒。完全以质粒为基础的反向遗传学技术的建立和发展解决了利用cDNA克隆人工合成流感病毒的难题和技术障碍，并逐渐成为研究流感病毒及生产流感疫苗的重要基础和手段。重点综述了流感病毒反向遗传技术20多年来的发展过程，以及以质粒为基础的反向遗传操作系统在对流感病毒的生命周期、致病性的研究和生产疫苗等方面的巨大贡献。
关键词：流感病毒；反向遗传技术；病毒拯救；感染性克隆；流感疫苗

The contribution of synthetic virus to the study of influenza

SUN Ming-Wei^{1， 2}， LU Xi-Shan^{1， 3}， GAO George Fu^{1， 2， 3， 4， 5*}

(1 CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology， Institute of Microbiology， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100101， China; 2 College of Life Sciences， University of Science and Technology of China， Hefei 230027， China; 3 College of Veterinary Medicine， China Agricultural University， Beijing 100094， China; 4 Beijing Institutes of Life Science， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100101， China; 5 Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Beijing 102206， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Influenza virus is a member of Orthomyxoviridae and contains a segmented RNA genome of negative-sense. The artificial generation of influenza viruses from cloned cDNA was long considered an insurmountable obstacle. This changed with the establishment and development of plasmid-based reverse genetics technique that has now become a fundamental part of influenza virus research and the generation of influenza vaccines. In this review， we describe the background for this advance， the systems that are available for the generation of influenza viruses， and the significant contributions for the understanding of the virus and disease during the past decades.
Key words: influenza virus; reverse genetics; rescue of virus; infectious clone; influenza vaccines