摘 要：摘 要: ATM和ATR属于PIKK家族，是DNA损伤检查点的主要成员。它们被不同类型的DNA损伤所激活，通过磷酸化相应的下游蛋白Chk1和Chk2等，调节细胞周期各个检查点，引起细胞周期阻滞，使DNA损伤得以修复。ATM和ATR在维持基因组的稳定性中起到至关重要的作用。本文着重综述有关ATM和ATR在DNA损伤介导的细胞周期阻滞中发挥的作用以及相互关系的最新研究进展。
关键词: ATM；ATR；DNA损伤；细胞周期检查点；细胞周期阻滞
Abstract: Abstract: ATM and ATR, two major members of PIKK family, play central roles in cellular response to DNA damage and replication stress. Once activated by DNA damage, they phosphorylate a number of substrates such as Chk1 and Chk2, which in turn target other proteins to induce cell cycle arrest and facilitate DNA repair. ATM and ATR are indispensable for maintaining genome integrity. Many studies have been done to make further understanding of mechanisms of ATM and ATR. This review mainly focuses on the roles they play in DNA damage-mediated cell cycle arrest, and the crosstalk of these two protein kinases.
Key words: ATM; ATR; DNA damage; cell cycle checkpoint; cell cycle arrest
