《生命科学》 2010, 22(4): 338-344

从动物模型看乙型病毒性肝炎致病机制的研究进展

程　亮，王盛典^*

(中国科学院生物物理研究所感染与免疫中心，北京 100101)

摘　要：摘  要：乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus，HBV)是通过血液和体液传播的嗜肝DNA病毒，尽管有有效的预防疫苗，乙型病毒性肝炎仍是我国乃至全球人类健康的重大威胁。HBV的易感宿主只局限于人以及黑猩猩等灵长类动物，HBV感染性疾病的研究遇到很大困难。多种小动物研究模型的建立，使我们对HBV感染致病机制的认识有了很大进步，包括：分子病毒学特征、在感染细胞中生命周期、机体的抗病毒免疫反应、肝脏病变的免疫病理机制等。但是，由于已有动物模型的种种限制，我们对HBV感染及乙型肝炎发生和发展的认识还远远不够，目前除了抗病毒治疗外，还没有有效地治疗慢性乙肝的方法。建立能够真实反映临床HBV感染、乙肝发生和进展过程的纯系小鼠模型，对于我们全面深入地理解HBV感染的侵入机制、宿主和病毒之间相互作用，以及发展预防和治疗HBV感染的新方法都具有非常重要的意义。
关键词：乙型肝炎病毒；动物模型；免疫反应；肝炎
中图分类号：R374.21；R-332　　文献标识码：A

Pathogenesis of hepatitis B: clues from the animal models

CHENG Liang， WANG Sheng-dian^*

(Center for Infection and Immunity， Institute of Biophysics， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100101， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is hepatotropic DNA virus of hepadnavirus family that is spread by contact with blood and body fluids， and causes acute and chronic necroinflammatory liver disease. Despite the existence of a preventive vaccine， HBV infection represents a substantial threat to public health. HBV naturally infects only human and chimpanzees. Although various kinds of animal models have been established， which greatly improves our understanding of HBV infection including molecular virology， viral life circle， immune response against HBV infection and immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B， etc， many issues pertaining to the biology， immunobiology and pathogenesis of HBV infection remain unresolved due to the various limitations of the established models. Thus， developing animal models which can emulate natural HBV infection and resemble human HBV hepatitis is obviously of critical importance for addressing these issues， leading to the discovery of new approaches for prevention and treatment of HBV infection.
Key words: hepatitis B virus; liver cirrhosis; immune response; hepatitis